Prenatal Testing - Friend or Foe?

I am not against the idea of prenatal testing. I had the triple or quad screens done with 4 out of 5 of my pregnancies.  But there are so many questions surrounding the pushes for prenatal testing coverage as a mandated insurance cost.  Can prenatal testing save insurance companies a lot of money and reduce risk from more invasive procedures? Can it help parents better prepare and make decisions? I am sure it can in some ways. But at what cost to our humanity?  And is it fair to push prenatal testing and/or its associated costs on families not interested in ever participating?  


For Rebekah's pregnancy, we had prenatal testing done in the form of an amniocentesis at 19 weeks gestation due to all of the problems and soft markers that were on our ultrasounds. Given a good guess that we were looking at a severe chromosome trisomy like 18 or 13, I found myself praying that my child would simply have Down's Syndrome and have a better chance at life. What a change in perspective, huh?  And, while never pushed for an abortion (because we made our stance very clear), we were painted a pretty bleak picture of what the future would hold...marriage stress, life with a 'vegetable', no hope, told our money would be better spent sending our 4 boys to college, and so on. 


Why did we get the testing done? We wanted to prepare and educate ourselves in order to provide the best options for our child. If she really was going to die at or before birth, we wanted to hold her, have pictures taken of her, to let her brothers meet her, have her funeral arrangements in order so we wouldn't have to deal with that stress at birth... We did not want her whisked away to a NICU to die on machines. 


Unfortunately, the testing backfired and, while we thought we were best preparing ourselves, we were just being inundated with old statistics and outdated/inexperienced opinions that led to palliative care preparation.  Resources from the internet (at that time) were 99% gloom and doom, and we received no positive resources from our doctors (in terms of being told about support organizations and groups, data on kids that survive, etc). Don't get me wrong... we had many compassionate, wonderful medical professionals that helped us prepare! We are extremely grateful for the consideration and understanding of our Maternal Fetal Medicine OB and perinatal hospice nurse - both who helped us make appropriate arrangements. 


But I can't help but think we sold our daughter short. We did not intervene early on, and she suffered from 5 weeks of worsening and life-threatening apnea events that, because of her prenatal diagnosis, were written off as symptoms of trisomy 18. Addressing them would only "increase her suffering, prolong her miserably existence, and lead to financial and marriage woes" because the problems were inherent to the extra 18th chromosome. In other words, trisomy 18 went beyond a diagnosis and, wrongfully, became the prognosis.  We did more harm to her not intervening early on and not pushing for medical interventions. Once we finally realized she wanted to be here and was fighting, we knew we had to fight with her. We soon pushed for all kinds of testing to determine her apnea issues, and the results amazed her medical team because they were TREATABLE. What our prenatal testing resulted in was prenatal genetic discrimination, reduction of early intervention options, no early "invasive procedures", and a preconceived idea from just about every medical professional involved of what our daughter would/wouldn't be. Let me just say that she has probably exceeded all of their expectations, and she probably did that before she even reached a year old. 


I am not against someone having a prenatal test... but I am against discrimination and genocide. I now suggest that families do not get their genetic testing done until after birth so that their child is given more opportunities. And yes, I am realistic. I think about my daughter's lifespan everyday because, statistically, she is a "long-term survivor" of trisomy 18 and I have not heard of any T18 children that have lived a normal life span. I am against giving false hope...but I am also against someone receiving false despair.  Already, we see at least 90% of babies diagnosed with prenatal chromosome disorders aborted. This number WILL go up with the newer and better prenatal diagnostic blood tests like Sequenom and verifi(TM), and that is precisely why and how prenatal testing will reduce medical costs.  


The real problem with this early knowledge is that parents are typically only given one side - the negative and worst-case medical/clinical side of things, and are not given the supports or accurate up-to-date resources parents need to make educated, well-informed decisions.  This is something that the Prenatally and Postnatally Diagnosed Awareness Act S1810 (Kennedy-Brownback Bill SB1810)  is suppose to help address.  Unfortunately, this was signed into law but no appropriations have been made to implement it. The law identifies the need for Physicians and health professionals to provide parents who receive a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 (Downs Syndrome), or other diagnosable congential condition such as trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) and trisomy 13 (Patau's Syndrome), with updated, evidence-based information and resources about the condition. 
We love our Rebekah dearly and cannot imagine life without her sweet spirit! Our marriage has not fallen apart, our boys are not traumatized... in fact, our "humanity quotient" has grown a good deal and I know that my boys will grow up to be extremely compassionate, empathetic, and more "tolerant" than most of their peers. 


There is an article that I would love our followers to read. It is FIRST-PERSON: The Dark Side of Prenatal Testing by Penna Dexter from the Baptist Press news. 

"...Prenatal testing and the medical personnel involved are convincing far too many women to abort. We must change this."

I have to agree. Because, even if you are "Pro-Choice", you have to respect that receiving one-sided information is not going to result in a happy ending when a family terminates because they ultimately had no choice presented to them. I have been contacted by many women who were pushed into abortions because of genetic anomalies. When they see Rebekah, or one of many, many other children, surviving and thriving with their disorder, they have indicated that they feel robbed of that choice. My heart aches for these women. 
The article has many good points but here is another.

"There is a bill making its way through Congress, the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act, which would ban sex-selection or race-selection abortions. This bill, or another, should also address the disabled. New Jersey Congressman Chris Smith, a champion for pro-life legislation, says children, whether they are "sick, disabled or healthy" possess "fundamental human rights that no sane or compassionate society can abridge.""

There are many things that could be done to help families make informed decisions for their children. One way is to help lobby for the above-mentioned Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act to take into consideration the disabled. Sex- and race-selection abortions are already included. And if you wonder why we should even have an act to protect again sex, race, disability-based abortion selections, just look at how prenatal discrimination cases are on the rise and costing taxpayers a lot of money. But, that is probably a whole long discussion in and of itself...

Medical Futility Policies

Thankfully, most people do not ever have to deal with Medical Futility policies. Unfortunately, parents of Trisomy children need to educate themselves about it.


The Free Dictionary defines it as:
medical futility,

1 a judgment that further medical treatment of a patient would have no useful result.

2 a medical treatment whose success is possible although reasoning and experience suggest that it is highly improbable.

Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier.

---

futility [fu-til´ĭ-te]

the quality of not leading to a desired result.

medical futility the judged futility of medical care, used as a reason to limit care. Two reasons for making this judgment are (1) to conserve resources and (2) to protect clinician integrity. The types are physiologic futility and normative futility.

normative futility a judgment of medical futility made for a treatment that is seen to have a physiologic effect but is believed to have no benefit.

physiologic futility a judgment of medical futility based on the observation of no physiologic effect of the treatment.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

---

medical futility

Futile resuscitation, futility Biomedical ethics A subjective term that encompasses a range of probabilities that a Pt will benefit from efforts designed to improve his life and survive to discharge from a health care facility Medtalk The lack of efficacy of a particular maneuver in ↓ M&M. See Advance directive,DNR, Futility. See DNR orders. Cf Euthanasia.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

---

Yes, MANY hospitals have policies regarding medical futility! These covert policies guide withholding treatment to infants (and adults) in certain circumstances, DESPITE PARENTS' DESIRES. It includes things such as a physician-written DNR that trumps the parents' choices, to covert injections of medications in doses high enough to cause death, to withholding of nutrition and fluids, to mysterious deaths for no apparent reason.

If you don't believe this happens, there are many stories of trisomy children mysteriously dying after routine procedures or surgeries where the prognosis was good. Mary Kellett, from Prenatal Partners for Life, unfortunately has first hand experience of medical futility policies. Mary's son, Peter, passed away in 2011, and the hospital led them to think he died of a infection. They were encouraged by the funeral home to have an autopsy, it confirmed that the hospital was responsible for his death and they knew what they were doing. They allowed sweet Peter to fill and drown in his own blood while pumping him with fluids, all while lying to the mother who kept asking them if he was internally bleeding. This is the worst nightmare of any parent whose child is in the hospital... that the doctors and hospital you entrust your child to allow things like this to deliberately happen.

Do you know about the Medical Futility Bill? Until this is federally mandated, we (the disability community) should fight for this at our state's level. It requires hospitals to disclose their medical futility policies to parents of minor children and to the Department of Health. It is currently being lobbied at the federal level by Michele Bachmann. Idaho has recently signed into law the Medical Consent and Natural Death Act. It is being discussed in MN. The amendment was adopted, but must now go to conference since it was not in the original house bill that is has been added to. It was recently debated in a MN House informational hearing. Here is the audio of the brave testimonies of several families. The first person to testify is Mary Kellett.

Here is a good resource to follow what is going on across the country with respect to medical futility issues.

Sweet Peter Kellett, trisomy 18, victim of a medical futility policy.

Testimony in Support of SF2238 - by Mary Kellett

Thank you, Mr. Chair for the opportunity to speak before the committee. My name is Mary Kellett and I am a resident of Maple Grove.

I am a mother of 11 children the youngest of which, Peter, had a condition known as Trisomy 18. I want to speak in support of Senate file 2238 and tell you my story because I believe it is important for you to know as you consider the need for this legislation.

Peter’s story- when I was 19 weeks pregnant, an ultrasound revealed markers for a condition called trisomy 18. We were offered an amnio, which we refused because we didn’t want to risk hurting our baby. We were told we would have more choices if we knew for sure. We said we would never abort our baby, but would love him no matter what he had.  We named him Peter. We were told there were no survivors beyond 2 weeks with trisomy 18 and that most people aborted babies like this. At 33 weeks I had an emergency c-section. Peter weighed 3lbs and 2oz. Peter was given excellent care until day 2 of his life when a fish test revealed he did have trisomy 18. At that time it was recommended to us that we stop all treatment, wrap him up in a blanket and let him die. We were told he would lead a life of terrible pain and suffering and would never know us or respond to us. My daughter went on the Internet and found many children living with this, some in their twenties and thirties. When I asked the doctor why he had lied to me, he said, “ Well how these children do largely depends on the choices their parents make for them.” I responded,” How can parents make decisions when they don’t receive accurate information.” He then said, “Well, we have to think about resources and you know Peter will never be able to contribute to society and will be a horribly burden to your family.” I started to cry, because I knew resources meant money and it hurt so badly to have a doctor tell me my son wasn’t worthy of the needed treatment to help him live.

Another woman doctor who I had never met until after Peter was born came into my hospital room and said she wanted to talk to me as a mother, not as a doctor. She said that if I wanted to be a good mother to my other children, I had to let Peter go, because he would be a burden to our whole family and it would not be fair to them. I could do nothing but cry. We were told our son’s heart defect was fatal. Something told me the doctor was not telling the truth, so we made our own appointment with a pediatric cardiologist who shook his head and said Peter’s heart was stable and functional, but he did need a minor surgery called a PDA ligation. The doctor at the hospital told us that Peter was not a candidate for this surgery that was described to us as open-heart surgery. We were asked why we would want to put our son through that. It was not open heart surgery but a minor procedure to close a blood vessel. This is just a small example of the incomplete, inaccurate information and out right lies we received. We were pressured over and over to sign a DNR. We were even told we could not receive home care visits from a nurse unless we signed a DNR. I called the director of the home care-nursing program and asked her if this was true. She was flabbergasted and told us this was not their policy, nor had it ever been their policy. When I confronted the doctor about that she said, “Well they must have changed their policy, to which I responded no, it has never been their policy. We were very concerned about our son’s welfare. It was very hard leaving him at the hospital, knowing they felt as they did. We called the head doctor of the NICU at the U of M for a second opinion and shared our concerns. When the doctor at the hospital Peter was staying at found out, she was very angry. The next day she said we had 2 choices, we could take Peter home or we could transfer him to Childrens, she already called and they had a bed ready for him. She said we had to leave HER hospital.

We decided to take Peter home. He only weighed 3lbs 11oz. He thrived on all the love and attention and grew and did many things we were told he would never do, like drink from a bottle and eat by mouth. He knew us and loved us, and we loved him. He was the happiest, sweetest little boy, who was everyone’s favorite. He was never, every a burden, only a joy and a blessing. He made us all better and taught us so much about love and compassion for others. He was the best of us. Peter died at Children’s hospital in Mpls at the age of 6 1/2 after having his appendix removed. I have to wonder if he was a victim of their hospital’s futility of care policy. I have talked to many other families who also have children with disabilities that have similar concerns and stories to share. By having this policy, doctors and hospitals are making a value judgment about children that only parents have the right to make.

In conclusion, I want to say that this bill simply gives parents the right to know if a hospital has a futility policy and what it is.  It provides a level of consumer protection in health care choice. Parents shouldn’t carry the burden of fear and stress over the policies of the hospital, especially during a medical crisis. They have a right to know before they bring their child, disabled or not, to that hospital. And they have a right both legally and naturally, to be the decision makers of their child’s health care. Please pass this bill. Thank you.

---

Peter Kellett - Little Teacher of Souls

“There is a place in the world for children with special needs. We all are ‘differently-abled,’ with flaws and gifts. These children are teachers of our souls, and society desperately needs the lessons and blessings they bring.” ~Mary Kellett