Immune System Surprises and Vaccination Antibody Titers

Rebekah has been getting a ton of "colds" and ear infections since getting ear tubes last August. It's possible that she may be getting the same amount, but now that we see her ears draining, we pay more attention to her symptoms. But it feels like we are on an antibiotic at least once a month for an "ear infection". This is on top of her prophylactic antibiotics for UTIs.

Parts of the Immune System

The immune system is a complex, wonderous design!  There are blood tests that can measure your infection fighting proteins (called immunoglobulin) and whether you have an immune system deficiency. It's not uncommon for people with genetic disorders to have some issues resulting in medical fragility and possible immune system disorders. In fact, Rebekah's endocrinologist had ordered all kinds of tests back in November when she broke her femur. Among these were immune system blood studies (IgA, IgG, IgM), but nothing came back out of the ordinary.

Her ENT recently ordered immune tests again and included antibody titer testing for Pneumococcal and HiB, both which are common in causing reoccurring ear infections. Now Rebekah has received all of her immunizations (including all recommended doses for both), so her titer tests should show a number indicating she has antibodies to fight these. However, if the number is low, it means you might benefit from a booster immunization. Guess what?! They were low!

The pneumococcal vaccine covers different types of pneumococcal disease, such as pneumococcal pneumonia, bacteremia (can cause blood infections), meningitis, and otitis media (ear infections). Here is some additional information on this vaccine.
The Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine prevents illnesses such as meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, bacteremia (blood infection), and cellulitis.  Additional information on Hib here.

Considering many of these (especially pneumonia) are common (and possibly deadly!) to trisomy kids, you can see my surprise and concern over our titer numbers being low! But now it gets confusing and we will most likely be making a consult with Infectious Disease to discuss our findings. You can google all kinds of info about titers and it might convince you that vaccines are useless anyway. And were this an issue for one of my other kids, I might not be so concerned. But having 5 kids, exposure to germs and viruses is a given. Obviously we do not want to expose Rebekah to diseases unknowingly and we do want to protect her. Her body cannot fight off illnesses like a typical person and we already know that. Having a child like Rebekah sometimes makes you go against your normal course of action because there is no book written on how to deal with these issues.

Here is an interesting article on Immune Deficiency that has this to to say:

"Normal immunoglobulin levels in a child who nonetheless doesn't respond appropriately to the vaccinations suggests that the immune system isn't functioning properly. ...
Your first symptoms are likely to be recurrent bacterial infections involving the ears, sinuses, nose, bronchi and lungs. If your infections are severe enough and recur often enough, you can permanently damage the bronchial tree. ... Bacteria (Hemophilus influenzae, pneumococci and staphylococci) that are wide-spread in the general population may cause pneumonia.... Not only do patients with common variable immunodeficiency have a depressed antibody response and low levels of antibody in their blood (hypogammaglobulinemia), but the antibodies that they produce may also attack some of their own tissues (autoantibodies). The autoantibodies may attack and destroy red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, and may cause other disorders as well. Among the most common are gastrointestinal complaints, such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss."

So, when Rebekah gets her 4 year check up in a few weeks, we will be adding boosters of these two vaccines to her to do list, and we may request more antibody titer tests to figure out what to do next! The strange thing for us is that we didn't receive any red flags on her actual immune system checks. I don't recall it ever being suggested that tri kids get antibody titer testing done if they have repeat infections. So I wonder if this MAY indeed be an issue with many other kids, especially ones that have reoccurring pneumonias! And the surprise is that testing could show no basic immune issue but the titer testing could show ineffective vaccination!

Anyway, I wanted to share this finding because we already tested her immune system and hadn't found anything unusual. But this is just like her bones - Rebekah has normal blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, D, etc that go into bone development, but her trisomy is affecting her at a cellular level and disrupting proper bone construction. It appears that we have a similar issue in the immune system with everything appearing to be right (from a numbers standpoint), but not from a functional standpoint.

I think this would make for some interesting studies!! If anyone has more info on this or similar experiences, please share!

This is an overview of how how our immune system works. Though this post isn't about the mechanics of the immune system, I think this helps to visualize all the places something can "go wrong" in our immune system.